Biology is the natural science, focusing on the study of life and living organisms and also for non-living organisms. It includes the organism’s nature of origin, physiological mechanisms, chemical structure, molecular interaction that causes growth and development next to their adaptation & evolution due to environmental change.
It is a combined word made from two Greek words ‘ bios‘(life) &’ logos‘(study). It comprises the cytological analysis of living things, the energy metabolism that underlies the activities of life and genetic basis for inheritance in organisms. This defined the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity and evolution as the engine that propels the creation & extinction of species. In 1801, Lamarck 1st proposed the word’ Biology‘.
About 3.7billion years ago simple living objects created from through multiple chemical reactions and procedures. After that all simple molecules transformed into complex molecules through the process of Polymerization technique – that is carbohydrate, protein, lipid, amino acid, fatty acid, nucleic acid etc. Next, all these molecules create the first living cell. This type of cell is prokaryotic, example -bacteria, blue-green algae etc. After that prokaryotic cell form eukaryotic type of cell that more advance from the previous one. Plant and animal cell originates from these eukaryotic type of cell.
This science describes the study of the whole world from ancient to modern times. Biology began many many years ago, that is Egyptians having advanced knowledge about the human body around 2800BC that is 5000 years ago. The first person who gave a great contribution in biology is Alcmaeon, who lived in Crotona in the 5th century, first practised dissection in his research. Crotona is famous at that time for its Pythagorean scholars.
Later Aristotle is considered to be the first to practice scientific zoology. He performed extensive studies on marine life & plants. He is known as ‘Father of Zoology‘. His student, Theophrastus, wrote the botanical text in 300B.C. on the structure, life cycle and use of plants. He is known as ‘Father of Botany‘.
In the 8-15th century, Leonardo da Vinci participated in human dissection and making detailed anatomical drawings. One of the first illustrated biology books written by German botanist Leonhard Fuchs in 1542. Next in 1665, Robert Hooke used a simple microscope to examine a thin slice of cork, from which he observed that plant tissue consists of rectangular units which he called ‘cell‘. In 1676, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek published the first drawing of living single-celled organisms.
During the 19th century, thousands of new specimens were discovered. In 1859, Charles Darwin published ‘On the origin of species’, that text showing all living organisms are interrelated, they are not separately created they are separated due to adaptation and evolution.
The 20th & 21st century known as ”Biological Revolution”. Mendel is known as “Father of Genetics“ for his discovery about Gene. Later Watson and Crick explained the molecular & chemical structure and function of DNA in 1953. In the late 20th century new fields like Genomics and Proteomics were described. Finally, the Human genome project was launched in 1990 with the goal of mapping the general human genome and completed in 2003. These are the steps to incorporate and accumulate knowledge of biology for the development of the whole world.
Biology is the vast area of science with a variety of subdivisions that all are concerned about aspects of ancient to modern life. There are countless career opportunities ranging from basic science to agricultural and industrial application.
The major branches –
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Biology is the natural science, focusing on the study of life and living organisms and also for non-living organisms. It includes the organism’s nature of origin, physiological mechanisms, chemical structure, molecular interaction that causes growth and development next to their adaptation & evolution due to environmental change.
In 1801, Lamarck 1st proposed the word’ Biology‘.
ধারণা (Concept) সাহিত্যের ক্ষেত্রে 1990 খ্রিস্টাব্দের শেষের দিকে অথবা 2000 খ্রীস্টাব্দের শুরুতে শিখণ নকশাটির ধারণার উল্লেখ পাওয়া যায়। শ্রেণীকক্ষে পাঠ…
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