A herbarium is a place of the depository of plant specimens in dry conditions. According to H. M. Lawrence (1967), a herbarium is a collection of plant specimens after dried and pressed, these plant specimens are arranged in the sequence of an accepted classification, and are also available for reference or other scientific studies. In some cases, such as succulents and the specimens unsuitable for pressing are preserved in some preservatives like formaldehyde solution 4-5% or in F.F.A ( Formyl acetic acid).
To prepare a herbarium following types of equipment and techniques are generally required:
Types of equipment:
Selection and collection of plant species:
Collected plant species must have flowers and fruits (if present). In the case of herbaceous plants should be collected with underground parts but for shrubs and trees, a small twig has collected ( size should be 25 cm).
The voucher book usually contains 100pages each. The numbers are maintained serially i.e. from 1-100 and the second book should start with 101 and ends in 200. The voucher book should be printed with the following things:
iii) date of collection
vii) name of collector
After proper record the plants are collected in a vasculum or in a moist polythene bag, thereby the collected plants or plant parts would remain fresh.
Before pressing the plant material should be cleaned from dust.
The dried plants are then poisoned by dipping in a saturated solution of mercuric chloride in ethanol or in rectified spirit. After some time the ethanol or rectified spirit evaporates and the specimens become dry.
The dry poisoned plants are then mounted on a comparatively hard sheet of paper 42cm × 29cm. The mounting is done by gum or cellophane tape. Gum is applied with the help of a brush.
A label is a rectangular piece of paper of usually 12cm× 10cm, pasted at the lower right of the herbarium sheet.
The label should contain:
iii. Date
vii. Altitude
viii. Collected by.
Important Herbaria of the world
Important Herbaria of India
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A herbarium is a place of the depository of plant specimens in dry conditions. According to H. M. Lawrence (1967), a herbarium is a collection of plant specimens after dried and pressed, these plant specimens are arranged in the sequence of an accepted classification, and are also available for reference or other scientific studies.
1. Secateur, 2. Digger, 3. Pruning shears, 3. Vasculum, 4. Magnifying lens, 5. Plant press, 6. Photographic equipment.
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